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What Are The Side Effects Of Stanozolol?

**Overview**

A steroid hormone belonging to the glucocorticoid family—often referred to by its brand name "Cortisol" in medical literature—is produced naturally by the adrenal cortex and is also used therapeutically in a variety of inflammatory, allergic, and autoimmune conditions. The drug’s pharmacology, clinical uses, safety profile, and patient‑education materials are summarized below for quick reference.

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### 1. What Is It?

- **Drug class**: Glucocorticoid (anti‑inflammatory steroid)
- **Mechanism of action**: Binds to intracellular glucocorticoid receptors → modulates gene transcription → reduces production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and mediators.
- **Routes of administration**: Oral, topical (creams/ointments), inhaled, injectable (parenteral), or intravenous in acute settings.

### 2. How Is It Used?

| Form | Typical Indications | Common Dosage |
|------|---------------------|---------------|
| Oral | Asthma exacerbation, rheumatoid arthritis flare, systemic lupus erythematosus | 5–40 mg/day (adjusted per condition) |
| Topical | Psoriasis plaques, eczema patches | Apply as directed on affected skin; use mild steroid formulations for sensitive areas |
| Inhaled | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma | Use with spacer; follow inhaler instructions |
| Injectable/IV | Severe sepsis shock, acute severe allergic reaction | 1 mg/kg IV push or infusion; repeat as needed |

**Monitoring:**

- Blood pressure, blood glucose, electrolytes.
- Watch for secondary infections in immunosuppressed patients.
- Periodic labs to assess liver function (especially with high-dose steroids).

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## 5. Summary of Key Points

| **Area** | **Take‑Home Messages** |
|----------|------------------------|
| **Bacterial Infections** | - Use broad‑spectrum empiric therapy; adjust for local resistance.
- Early de-escalation guided by cultures and clinical response. |
| **Viral (CMV, HSV/HSV‑2)** | - Screen high‑risk patients.
- Treat with ganciclovir/valganciclovir or acyclovir; monitor counts. |
| **Fungal (Candida)** | - Prophylaxis (fluconazole) in neutropenic pts; treat breakthrough with echinocandins or amphotericin B. |
| **Non‑infectious** | - Steroid taper or immunosuppressive agents for GvHD/IBD. |
| **Monitoring & Adjustment** | - CBC, LFTs, renal function, drug troughs.
- Adjust dosing per organ function and drug interactions. |

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### 4. Summary

1. **Prophylaxis**: Fluconazole + valganciclovir (if CMV‑seropositive) + empirical antibiotics for neutropenic fever.
2. **Empirical Treatment**: Start cefepime + vancomycin + fluconazole, adjust based on culture results.
3. **Antiviral Management**:
- If CMV‑negative → valganciclovir prophylaxis until day +90.
- If CMV‑positive → treat with ganciclovir 5 mg/kg IV q12h for 7–10 days, then switch to oral valganciclovir 450 mg BID until neutrophil recovery; monitor counts and adjust dose accordingly.

This protocol is consistent with the 2024 ASBMT guidelines.

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